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Numerous other Scientologist-run companies and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses using Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This section requires growth. You can help by contributing to it. In order to help with the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or respected individuals. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has attained some trustworthiness as a religion in many countries, Scientology has also been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Video game individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, several Scientology members were founded guilty for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of fraud, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of exposure" might be perceived as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and run for Scientology the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually initially demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products find more info for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as figured out in an internet survey run by the presidential transition group getting public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has actually criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a company, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent to the US. The word Scientology (and many related terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who try to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head workplace located at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on relabelled the Office straight from the source of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and committed one of the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever perpetrated by a company not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal offense committed by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No person or organization was free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive tactics in attending to those it views as attempting to suppress them, known as Suppressive Persons (SPs) initially laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable game. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper known to have been handled by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb threats in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.