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Many other Scientologist-run services and companies come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses using Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directory sites of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Scientology beliefs. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.


This area requires growth. You can help by including to it. In order to help with the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of effective or highly regarded people. Though it has actually obtained some reliability as a faith in many countries, Scientology has actually also been explained as both a cult and a company.


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For example, it has been noted to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Video game people it views as its enemies. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of fraud, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of exposure" might be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology were in why not look here 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had actually initially demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in an internet survey run by the governmental transition team obtaining public input for the incoming administration. Church of Scientology Perth.


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State Department has actually criticized Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with legally as a business business, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on individuals and groups who try to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace situated at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later relabelled the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and committed one of the largest penetration of United States federal agencies ever perpetrated by an organization not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as continue reading this such: The criminal activity committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No individual or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has likewise in the past used aggressive techniques in addressing those it sees as trying to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper known to have been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb risks in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The site link Church's plan was found at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.

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